By delving into any biological phenomenon and trying to explain the intimate nature of the processes that determine a property or function of living beings, we inevitably in the field of molecular biology. Take for example the study of genes. The classical laws of Mendel are explained immediately in morphological and functional knowledge of the chromosomes. But when we want to know the composition and modus operandi of a gene need to penetrate deep into the double helix structure of DNA by Watson and Crick, the arrangement of purine and pirimid micas, ie the genetic information.To qualify the possibility of synthesizing an enzyme by a gene, we must continue the process of transmission of genetic information from nuclear DNA to messenger RNA, the activation of amino acids by RNA carrier, the management of these activated amino acids on the ribosome according to the predetermined pattern by messenger RNA, obtaining the primary structure of the enzyme protein. All these topics are studied in molecular biology What’s more, the protein, once synthesized, must be ordered in space according to certain rules that are specific spatial conformation (secondary and tertiary structures) and sometimes associated with several identical or different molecules to constitute what has been called and quinaria quaternary structures, so that the biological properties of the molecule as an enzyme linked to the complex spatial arrangement.The well organized protein molecule may prove to be an enzyme that in its catalytic activity, is susceptible to activation or inhibition by certain substances, these actions of transcendental importance for the life of the cell. Similarly, molecular biology is concerned with the chemical structure of the component substances of biological membranes and management of the enzymes that perform actions chained, p. eg., within the mitochondria, nucleus and other subcellular corpuscles, to explain the mechanics of biochemical processes and cycles determined by the cellular Topoqu mica. The processes of reproduction of viruses, bacteria and higher organisms contain many unknowns about going to solve molecular biology.The mutations produced by physical agents (X rays, gamma rays, heat, etc..) Or chemicals (mutagens) have a more satisfactory explanation is best known as the molecular basis of the processes of change in the structure and organization of the bases DNA nitrogen. The relationship between different species of living things can be established by individual comparative study of macromolecular substances (proteins) produced by them. Thus, the sequence of amino acids in hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochromes, pituitary hormones or insulin induces the degree of phylogenetic proximity, by showing the evolution of the protein for progressive changes. A multitude of genetic phenomena as natural selection, adaptation to environment, species differentiation, etc., Have their ultimate explanation at themolecular level.Finally, the molecular biology of organisms is providing interesting data for the search for new antibiotics and anti-metabolites, which allow efficient and selectively attack pathogens. But this is not to say that molecular biology is a complete and fully developed science. On the contrary, new discoveries, to solve a mystery posing many more questions that are the subject of future research. Today this young science is growing explosively. On the other hand, the last and definitive explanation of the behavior of the molecules of living things requires, to be known in depth, face other branches of science such as sub-molecular biophysics (orbital bonding forces, hybridization, etc.. ) and even subatomic physics, for which it requires a wealth of knowledge that can never be the property of individual researchers, but of heterogeneous scientific work equipment, but harmonious whole.
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